- The ovaries contain a large number of follicles, of which a few rapidly mature during each cycle. The theca and granulosa cells proliferate as each follicle develops from a primordial, to primary, to secondary, to mature follicle (Graafian) which releases the oocyte and then transforms into a corpus luteum and later a corpus albicans.
- The ova move into the first part of the uterine tube (oviduct, fallopian tube) where fertilization may take place. Implantation and embryo development occurs in the uterus which has a nourishing, glandular epithelia (endometrium) surrounded by smooth muscle (myometrium). The uterus of some species have elongated horns or a dividing septum.
- The placenta developes from portions of the fetal membranes (chorion, amnion and allantois) that contact the endometrium. The close association of the independent maternal and fetal blood supplies allows diffusive exchange of nutrients and wastes.
- The muscular cervix separates the uterus from the vagina, and produces a thick mucus.
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