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Three adverbs can be used with regard to repetition and continuation of action. They indicate whether an action is repeated, or not repeated, in the past or present. The charts below include the same information organized in two different ways.
|
|
Second
Occurrence in Past |
Second
Occurrence in Future |
Explanation |
| 前天他來了。
He came day before yesterday. (action happened) |
昨天他又來了。
He came again yesterday. (action was repeated) |
明天他再來。
He will come again tomorrow. (action will be repeated) |
first and second occurrence are same |
| 昨天他沒再來。
He didn't come again yesterday. (action wasn't repeated) |
明天他不再來。
He won't come again tomorrow. (action won't be repeated) |
first and second occurrence are different | |
| 前天他沒來。 He didn't come day before yesterday. (action didn't happen) |
昨天他又沒來。
Yesterday, again, he didn't come. (non-occurrence was repeated) |
明天他也不來。
He won't come tomorrow either. (non-occurrence will be repeated. Note that 再 is not usually used here, but 也 takes its place.) |
first and second occurrence are same |
| 再:
generally
future-oriented repetition of action did not or will not occur |
|
| 昨天他來了, 明天再來。 | He came yesterday, and he will come again tomorrow. |
| 昨天他來了, 明天不再來。 | He came yesterday, and he won't come again tomorrow. |
| 昨天他來了, 今天沒再來。 | He came yesterday, but he didn't come again today. |
| 又:
generally
past-oriented repetition of action or condition occurred in past |
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| 昨天他來了, 今天又來了。 | He came yesterday, and he came again today. |
| 昨天他沒來, 今天又沒來。 | He didn't come yesterday, and he didn't come today either. |
| 還: generally
present-oriented condition or action is still continuing in the present |
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| 一點鐘他在看電視, 四點他還在看! | He was watching TV at 1:00; at 4:00 he was still watching! |
| 上課的時候他沒來, 到現在他還沒來。 | He didn't come when class began, and he still hasn't come. |
| 他們都來了嗎? 沒有, 王朋還沒來呢。 |
Have they all come? No, Wang Peng (still) hasn't come yet. |
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created by Mary Jacob 
