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Lesson 8, Pattern 4: chule...yiwai 除了...以外
last revised January 11, 2004

The expression, 除了。。。以外 can be used in two different kinds of patterns, inclusion and exclusion.  In lesson 8, you learn the pattern for inclusion.  The meaning is, "In addition to X, also Y." All the examples in lesson 8 follow pattern 1, in which the word or phrase between 除了and 以外 is a V-O and is parallel to what follows 還.  However, other patterns are possible.  Pattern 2 is more general, showing where variations can occur. The word or phrase between 除了 and 以外 can be a noun, verb phrase, adjective, or independent clause. It does not have to be exactly parallel to what follows 還.  The subject can go either before 除了 or before 還, but it only needs to appear once.  Moreover, 以外 is optional.  In some cases, another adverb besides 還 is used, but we'll set that aside for now.  For each example below, I have noted the expression between 除了 and 以外 and its part of speech.
 
S-除了-(word or phrase)-以外, 還-V-O
他除了學中文以外，還學英文。
In addition to studying Chinese, he also studies English.		 學中文:  V-O
上個週末李友除了做功課以外，還聽了錄音。
Last weekend, besides doing his homework, Li You also listened to tapes.		 做功課:  V-O
他除了會做中國飯以外，還會做日本飯。
In addition to Chinese food, he can also cook Japanese food.		 中國飯:  N
除了-(word or phrase)-以外, (S)-還-V-O
除了王朋以外，我們學校還有兩個中文老師。
Besides Wang Peng, there are also two Chinese teachers.		 王朋:  N
除了去圖書館以外，我還想去小白家。
Besides going to the library, I also want to go to Xiao Bai's house.		 去圖書館:  V-O
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