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Complements appear right after
a verb. You have already learned about the descriptive complement, which tells
the manner in which an action occurs or the degree to which it took place (你說得很好。他吃得很多。) and directional complement
(請進來). In this lesson, you learn
the resultative complement. In
this case the word following the main verb tells the result of the action. Questions
are usually made by adding 嗎.
For statements, usually the modal particle 了
(end of sentence) is used. However, If the object is well-bounded (quantified,
modified, etc.) then it is possible to use aspect particle 了
after the verb. Quite often, the object
is topicalized (put at the beginning of the sentence) in order to put most emphasis
on the resultative complement. This can only be done, of course, if there is
enough context for the topic to be known to both speakers.
| Pattern | Examples | English |
| S-V-Comp-了 |
媽媽做好晚飯了。 |
Mom finished cooking
dinner. I saw it clearly. Sorry, you've given the wrong change. |
| S-V-Comp-了嗎?
|
你聽懂了嗎?
他買到餃子了嗎? |
Did you understand (what you
heard)? Did he buy the Chinese dumplings (successfully)? |
| S-沒(有)-V-Comp |
我也沒看到她。 請你再說一次, 我沒聽懂。 |
I didn't see her, either. Could you please repeat that? I didn't understand (what I heard). |
| Complement | Typical Phrases | Result | Example |
|
V-好
|
做好
|
finish successfully
|
功課他做好了。 He finished his homework. |
|
V-完
|
吃完, 做完, 說完
|
finish
|
他還沒吃完。 He has not yet finished eating. |
|
V-懂
|
聽懂, 看懂
|
comprehend
|
我沒有看懂。 I didn't understand what I read (I read but didn't understand it). |
|
V-錯
|
說錯, 寫錯, 買錯, 找錯
|
incorrect
|
對不起, 我說錯了。 Sorry, I misspoke. |
|
V-清楚
|
看清楚, 聽清楚, 說清楚
|
clear
|
王先生沒聽清楚。 Mr. Wang didn't hear clearly (He heard but it wasn't clear). |
|
V-到
|
買到, 看到, 聽到
|
attain
|
中國茶他買到了, 日本茶還沒買到。 He bought the Chinese tea, but hasn't bought Japanese tea yet. (i.e. because he hasn't found it in the stores yet). |
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This page
created by Mary Jacob 
